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What must be used on each valve to hold it firmly against the seat?

  1. Grinding compound

  2. Valve guide

  3. Valve lifter

  4. Valve spring

The correct answer is: Grinding compound

Grinding compound must be used on each valve to hold it firmly against the seat. Valve grinding compound is an abrasive paste that is applied to the valve seat and valve face before lapping the valve to ensure a tight seal. This process helps to improve engine performance by preventing leakage of combustion gases. In contrast, the other options (valve guide, valve lifter, and valve spring) each play important roles in the functioning of the valve but do not serve the specific purpose of holding the valve firmly against the seat like grinding compound does.